5 Comparative Genomics
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چکیده
Over the last couple of decades, numerous genetic and physical maps have been developed for a wide range of species. This has led to the field of comparative genomics which analyses characteristics of whole genomes, in contrast to the analysis of single genes in comparative genetics. Where markers on one map are known to be have homologues on another, we can get a feel for the relative distribution of markers on the chromosomes of different species. From these we can deduce segments of chromosomes where the gene content, and sometimes also the order of the genes, is similar in two or more species. More recently, we have begun to see the DNA sequences of whole genomes, which enables us to compare genomes at both the sequence and gene levels. The promise of the post-genome era means that we will see many fully sequenced genomes within the next decade, and we should develop analytical methods that are mature when significant quantities of data become available. However, not all species will be sequenced and so we should continue to develop methods of analysis that are appropriate for both types of data. In this chapter, we will give a flavour of the types of comparative genome analysis that are carried out. We will highlight particular problems, such as phylogenetic inference and the use of maps to compare genomes. Finally, we will give examples of problems with our current analyses that could be solved in the future.
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تاریخ انتشار 2003